Parliament passes Mines and Minerals Amendment Bill 2025 to boost critical mineral production

 

Parliament  passed the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2025, aimed at promoting sustainable mining, zero-waste practices, and advancing the objectives of the National Critical Mineral Mission. 

 

 

Union Minister for Coal and Mines, G. Kishan Reddy, said the government is committed to transparency in the mining sector, with production enhanced through the use of modern technology.

Under the National Critical Mineral Mission, the government has identified 24 critical minerals and is promoting domestic production through onshore and offshore exploration. The first auction of offshore mineral blocks, including polymetallic nodules in the Andaman Sea, was launched in November 2024. India is also exploring critical minerals abroad, signing agreements with countries like Argentina and Zambia to facilitate resource development.

 The bill empowers the government to facilitate mineral trading through exchanges, allow the sale of mineral dumps to reduce environmental hazards, and promote extraction of deep-seated minerals.

The legislation also expands the scope of the National Mineral Exploration Trust, renaming it as the National Mineral Exploration and Development Trust, and increases the royalty contribution from two to three per cent. It provides mechanisms to include new minerals in existing leases and incentivises the production of critical and strategic minerals.

Officials highlighted the significance of these reforms amid global supply chain challenges for critical minerals, with the Ministry of External Affairs and the Ministry of Mines actively engaging in bilateral and multilateral cooperation to secure stable supplies.

Agreements have been signed with countries including Australia, Argentina, Zambia, Peru, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, and Côte d’Ivoire, as well as international organisations such as the International Energy Agency.

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Boycott Turkey’ trends online as anger grows in India over Ankara’s stance on Pakistan. Here is snapshot of Turkey's business in India

 

Indians have called for boycotting travel to Turkey and Azerbaijan, which have seen a growing interest as tourist spots in recent years.

After the Indian Army revealed that Pakistan sent Turkish-made drones  mostly  delivered overnight  in the midst of the conflict the anger towards Ankara in India has increased, with even politicians supporting the idea of a ban on Turkish goods.

 

Here  is snapshot of Economic Relations and  Turkey’s business in India

Indian companies India have invested about US$ 126 million in Türkiye (as per Central Bank of Türkiye data) and Turkish investment in India is approximately US$ 210.47 million (as per Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, India). 

Turkish companies operating in India include :

• Koç Holding (consumer durables),
• Arcelik A.S (home appliances),
• Doğuş Holding
• Doğuş Construction (construction),
• Limak Holding (construction),
• Fernas (construction)
• Sarar (Turkish menswear)
• Soktas (fabric company now acquired by Grasim Industries Ltd)
  
• Çelebi Holding (aviation services)  :  This is major area of concern   as its being  reported The current president, Erdoğan, and his inner circle have been linked to various business dealings and political influence in Turkey, and Çelebi's business activities have been scrutinized in this context  and they  are operating  in our Airports which should be a security concern.
• Orhan Holding (automotive supplier)
• Hidromas (hydraulic products – owned by Netherland-based HMS Global), etc

ISRO achieves major breakthrough in Semicryogenic Engine development

 

ISRO is achieving progress in the design &development of a Semicryogenic engine or Liquid Oxygen / Kerosene engine with a high thrust of 2000 kN that will power the Semicryogenic booster stage of the LVM3 launch vehicle. The first major breakthrough in the Semicryogenic engine development programme was achieved on March 28, 2025, when the first successful hot test of Engine Power Head Test Article (PHTA),was carried out at ISRO Propulsion Complex, Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu.

The Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) of ISRO is developing the Semi cryogenic propulsion Engine and Stage. The stage (SC120) powered by the 2000kN semi-cryogenic engine (SE2000) will replace the present core liquid stage (L110) of LVM3 for payload enhancement and power the booster stages of future launch vehicles. Non toxic and non hazardous propellants (Liquid Oxygen and Kerosene) are employed in Semi cryogenic propulsion and this will deliver higher performance compared to existing L110 stage. Induction of Semi cryogenic propulsion system along with uprated cryogenic stage in the LVM3 vehicle enhances its payload capability from 4 tonne to 5 tonne in GTO.

Major subsystems of SE-2000 engine include thrust chamber, pre-burner, turbo pump system, control components and start up system. The SE2000 engine works with a complex oxidizer rich staged combustion cycle with high chamber pressure of 180 bar (with propellant feed system delivering pressures up to 600 bar) & specific impulse of 335s. The complex engine hardware uses special materials to withstand the high temperature and oxidiser rich combustion. The hardware along with the space grade kerosene are realised in partnership with Indian industry. The development of this engine in these high thrust levels is highly challenging and this technology is available with only very few nations.

SE2000 Engine

The realization of a test facility to qualify the engine and stage is equally complex and challenging. The complex Semicryogenic Integrated Engine Test facility (SIET) was established at ISRO Propulsion Research Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri for testing the engine and stage and was dedicated to the nation by the Honourable Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, on February 27, 2024. This facility caters to storage and servicing of large volume of propellants and service fluids at high pressures. The capability of the test stand is validated through several flow and ignition trials. The test stand which involves many sophisticated control components are managed from a Test Control Centre that is also developed indigenously. This facility with a state-of-art PLC-based control system and data acquisition system is capable of testing semi-cryogenic engines up to 2600 kN thrust.

Semicryogenic Integrated Engine Test facility, IPRC, Mahendragiri

Prior to the conduct of integrated engine level hot tests, it is planned to carry out performance evaluation tests of the intermediate configuration, designated as Power Head Test Article (PHTA),that comprises all the engine systems except the thrust chamber. The hot test that was carried out today, is the first of a series of tests planned to validate the design of the propellant feed system, including the low-pressure and high-pressure turbo-pumps, the pre-burner, start system and control components. All subsystems for the test were realized and had undergone rigorous qualification test prior to integration to Power Head Test Article.

Power Head Test Article (PHTA)

The Ignition sequence for PHTA was derived from a series of hot tests in single element level. In order to ensure the smooth ignition process during the PHTA test, another test article, Pre-burner Ignition Test Article (PITA), was realized, whichconsists of the pre-burner along with its feed systems, start-systems, and related control components. A series of tests were successfully completed using the PITA and the optimum start sequence for power head test article was derived.

Pre-burner Ignition Test Article (PITA)

Today’s test demonstrated the smooth ignition and boost strap mode operation of engine over a test duration of 2.5 seconds. The objective of the test was to validate the integrated performance of the critical subsystems such as the pre-burner, turbo pumps, start system and control components by carrying out a hot-firing for a short-duration of 2.5 seconds. The test proceeded as predicted and all the engine parameters were as expected.

With this breakthrough, ISRO is further planning a series of tests on the PHTA to further validate and finetune the performance before the realization of the fully integrated engine.

PHTA Hot Test 

 

Source : ISRO website ( Reproduced)

Customs Duty Exemption on Lithium & other rare minerals to Boost EV Sector Growth in India

 

The proposed exemption in customs duty on import of lithium, cobalt and other rare minerals in the Union Budget 2024-25 is likely to lower the battery production cost and help in making electric vehicles more affordable for the buyers.

 Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman while presenting the Union Budget for 2024-25 proposed to fully exempt customs duties on 25 critical minerals and reduce Basic Customs Duty (BCD) on two of them.

This will provide a major fillip to the processing and refining of such minerals and help secure their availability for these strategic and important sectors, she noted. Minerals such as Lithium, copper, cobalt and rare earth elements are critical for sectors like nuclear energy, renewable energy, space, defense, telecommunications, and high-tech electronics, Sitharaman stated.

Exemption of customs duty on import of lithium, cobalt and other rare minerals and extension of concessional customs duty on Li-Ion cells till March 2026 and withdrawal of equalization levy of 2 per cent on e-transactions is expected to propel the growth of the Indian auto industry. .

The move is likely to encourage few players to indigenise battery production in India.The industry was not expecting a lot but was definitely looking for some announcements with respect to FAME III subsidies, and other direct benefits for BEV/ NEV (New Electric Vehicle). One  have to wait to see if there are any further relaxations in the future by the FM or by the GST Council.

The strategic move will significantly impact India's EV market by lowering production costs and enhancing competitiveness.